Wednesday, June 18, 2014

Jonathan Go: Week 2: Day 3: Hematology Oncology



     The morning with Dr. Chen was spent rounding on patients and the afternoon was spent seeing outpatients.  We are learning a lot from Dr. Chen and I will do my best to record notable cases and things I learned.

Some interesting cases:

Case 1:  36 year old female with ascending colon cancer and retroperitoneal tumor.  Initially, the physicians only thought she had colon cancer.  After PET scan, it was discovered that she had a tumor in her retroperitoneal cavity that could not be resected or accessed.  She opted to not tell her husband or family this (who were present at the outpatient consultation with us).  Dr. Chen put her on chemotherapy and after just 2 rounds, her cancer was gone.  Dr. Chen said that she could have just had a very good response to treatment, or their initial diagnosis were off.  

Case 2: 41 year old male with squamous cell carcinoma of the skin over his left humorus.  He went to a dermatologist without consulting Dr. Chen.  The dermatologist decided to do cryotherapy.  This ended up making the tumor much worse.  Because of this, the tumor had to be resected and he is now undergoing adjuvant therapy.  I was thinking about a possible MOA of this happening.  Maybe the cryotherapy killed off the weaker cancer cells and left the more aggressive more malignant cells to proliferate.  

Case 3: 69 year old female who has anemia.  Dr. Chen initially thought that it could have been MPD; however after checking her Rheumatoid Factor (elevated), it turned out to be an anemia of chronic disease/inflammation.  

From the many cases today, some of the clinical things I learned:

·       Petechiae in the extremities means that the platelet count is still likely 20-50k.  When patechiae are found, we must check the oral mucosa for signs of bleeding.  If we find purpura or patechiae in the oral mucosa, than the platelet count is likely around the 10k range and blood transfusion must be done immediately.

·       Bleeding from a tumor is under very high pressure.  Dr. Chen told us that during a procedure, a nurse just touched the tumor with her hand and it started bleeding.  Within minutes the whole abdominal cavity was filled with blood.

·       Distinguishing Tumor Fever vs Infection Fever
o   First, there must be a neoplasm for tumor fever to be present.
o   Second, NSAIDS will lower tumor fever for periods of days from just one dose, while NSAIDS will have to be re administered multiple times in a day to keep the temperature low from fever due to an infection.

·       There was a middle aged to old male who was diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia.  In recent bloodwork, his Hb has dropped so we must re-evaluate for GI bleeding.

·       COPD can sometime look like malignancy on CT (Dr. Chen sometimes gets referrals from other doctors because of this).

Some of the medical system things I learned:

·       We had several patients who needed to get CXRs done.  Expecting to see them on next consultation or at least in an hour or so, we were amazed to see them come back in 5-10 minutes right after we finished with just one consultation.

·       Some patients come from out of the country like mainland China.  Because they are paying out of pocket, they expect better service.  We had a patient who implied this to Dr. Chen.  What they don’t know is that the doctor does not see this money.  The hospital does.

·       The national health insurance here seems to not cover many things until patients need them.  For example, a lot of the anti-nausea medications that chemotherapy patients would highly benefit from are not covered by the health insurance until after they experience symptoms and it is objectively verified.

     One of the first moral discussions that we had today was regarding end of life care.  There is an elderly inpatient with terminal cancer who currently has CO2 retention.  The patient has been on BPAP but it has been unsuccessful.  Dr. Chen asked us whether we would continue use of BPAP in this case as the family signed a DNR.  Both Student Doctor Heidi Pang and I said that we would; however, Dr. Chen said that he probably would not.  

     If you recall from my last blog, there was a terminal esophageal cancer patient who was refusing treatment.  I just wanted to update and say that Dr. Chen discussed the facts with him and his family.  He is refusing treatment and will be discharged tomorrow.  

     Dr. Chen also discussed with us the difficulties of discussing death with the patients’ families.

     Lastly, it is interesting to note how different the patients respond emotionally to their conditions.  We see some patients that are motivated and ready to fight the cancer despite how scary the road may be.  On the other side of the spectrum are patients who have given up already.  I can tell that Dr. Chen cares a lot about his patients.  I am excited to learn more tomorrow.

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